Ho na le mekhoa e 'maloa ea ho lokisa metsoako ea alkyl polyglycosides kapa alkyl polyglucosides.Mekhoa e fapaneng ea maiketsetso e tloha litseleng tsa maiketsetso tsa stereotactic tse sebelisang lihlopha tse sireletsang (ho etsa hore metsoako e khethoe haholo) ho ea ho litsela tse sa khetheng tsa maiketsetso (ho kopanya li-isomer le oligomers).
Mokhoa ofe kapa ofe oa tlhahiso o loketseng ho sebelisoa sekaleng sa indasteri o tlameha ho fihlela litekanyetso tse 'maloa.Ho bohlokoa haholo ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse nang le thepa e nepahetseng le mekhoa ea moruo.Ho na le lintlha tse ling, joalo ka ho fokotsa litlamorao kapa litšila le mesi.Theknoloji e sebelisoang e lokela ho fetoha e le hore ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa le litšobotsi tsa boleng li ka ikamahanya le litlhoko tsa 'maraka.
Tlhahisong ea indasteri ea alkyl polyglycosides, ts'ebetso e thehiloeng ho Fischer synthesis e atlehile.Tsoelopele ea bona e qalile hoo e ka bang lilemo tse 20 tse fetileng mme e eketsehile lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng.Nts'etsopele nakong ena e ile ea lumella mokhoa oa ho kopanya hore o sebetse hantle mme qetellong o khahle lits'ebetso tsa indasteri.Lintlafatso li sebetsa, haholo ts'ebelisong ea lino tse tahang tse telele joalo ka dodecanol/tetradecanol
(C12-14 -OH), e ntlafalitse haholo boleng ba sehlahisoa le moruo oa ts'ebetso.Setsi sa setsi sa sejoale-joale sa tlhahiso ho Fischer Synthesis ke mohlala oa litšila tse tlase, theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea zero.Molemo o mong oa Fischer synthesis ke hore tekanyo e tloaelehileng ea polymerization ea lihlahisoa e ka laoloa ho feta mefuta e mengata ea ho nepahala.Ka hona, thepa e amanang le eona, joalo ka hydrophilicity / water-solubility, e ka fetoloa ho fihlela litlhoko.Ntle le moo, setsi sa lisebelisoa tse tala ha se sa angoa ke tsoekere ea anhydrous.
1. Lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea alkyl polyglycosides
1.1 Mafura a Manotsi
Litahi tse mafura li ka fumanoa ho tsoa ho li-feedstocks tsa petrochemical (lino tse entsoeng ka mafura a maiketsetso) kapa ho tsoa mehloling ea tlhaho, e nchafalitsoeng joalo ka mafura le oli (lino tse mafura tsa tlhaho).Metsoako ea joala e mafura e sebelisoa ha ho etsoa li-alkyl glycosides ho theha karolo ea hydrophobic ea molek'hule.Litahi tsa tlhaho tse mafura li ile tsa fumanoa ka transesteration le karohano ea mafura le mafura (triglyceride) ho theha mafura a tšoanang a methyl ester, le hydrogenated.Ho itšetlehile ka bolelele ba ketane ea alkyl ea joala e mafura e hlokahalang, lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong ke oli le mafura: kokonate kapa oli ea palema ea palema bakeng sa letoto la C12-14, le tallow, palema kapa oli ea rapeseed bakeng sa lino tse tahang tsa C16-18.
1.2 Mohloli oa lik'habohaedreite
Karolo ea hydrophilic ea molek'hule ea alkyl polyglycoside e tsoa ho carbohydrate.
Lik'habohaedreite tsa macromolecular le lik'habohaedreite tsa monomer li thehiloe ho starch ea
poone, koro kapa litapole 'me e ka sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa ho lokisa alkyl glycosides.Ka mohlala, lik'habohaedreite tsa polymer li kenyelletsa maemo a tlaase a ho senyeha ha starch kapa sirapo ea tsoekere, ha lik'habohaedreite tsa monomer e ka ba mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa tsoekere, joalo ka tsoekere ea anhydrous, monohydrate glucose, kapa sirapo ea tsoekere e senyehileng haholo.
Khetho ea thepa e tala ha e ame feela litšenyehelo tsa thepa e tala, empa le litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso.
Ka kakaretso, litšenyehelo tsa thepa e tala li eketseha ka tatellano ea starch/glucose sirapo/glucose monohydrate/glucose e se nang metsi athe litlhoko tsa lisebelisoa tsa semela ke ka hona litheko tsa tlhahiso li theohang ka tatellano e tšoanang.(Setšoantšo sa 1)