Litlhoko tsa moralo oa semela sa tlhahiso ea alkyl glycoside e thehiloeng ho Fisher synthesis e itšetlehile haholo ka mofuta oa lik'habohaedreite tse sebelisoang le bolelele ba ketane ea joala bo sebelisitsoeng. .Alkyl polyglycosides eo, bakeng sa DP e fanoeng, e sa qhibiliheng metsing ka lebaka la joala bo sebelisitsoeng (palo ea liathomo tsa C ho alkyl chian≥16) li sebetsana le tsona ka thoko.
Tlas'a boemo ba alkyl polyglucoside synthesis catalyzed by acid, lihlahisoa tsa bobeli tse kang polyglucose ether le litšila tse mebala li hlahisoa.Polyglucose ke ntho ea amorphous e entsoeng ke glycosyl polymerization nakong ea mokhoa oa ho kopanya. , joalo ka mocheso, khatello, nako ea ho itšoara, li-catalyst, joalo-joalo.E 'ngoe ea mathata a rarolloang ke nts'etsopele ea tlhahiso ea liindasteri alkyl polyglycosides lilemong tsa morao tjena ke ho fokotsa ho thehoa ha lihlahisoa tsa bobeli tse amanang le synthesis.
Ka kakaretso, li-alkyl glycosides tse nang le tahi e khuts'oane (C8/10-OH) le DP e tlase (tahi e kholo) li na le mathata a fokolang a tlhahiso.Karolong ea karabelo, ka keketseho ea joala bo feteletseng, tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa bobeli e fokotseha.E fokotsa khatello ea mocheso le ho tlosa joala bo feteletseng nakong ea ho thehoa ha lihlahisoa tsa pyrolysis.
Fisher glycosidation e ka hlalosoa e le mokhoa oo tsoekere e sebetsang ka eona ka potlako mohato oa pele 'me ho finyelloa ho lekana ha oligomer.Mohato ona o lateloa ke ho fokotseha butle-butle ha alkyl glycosides.Ts'ebetso ea ho senya e kenyelletsa mehato e kang dealkylation le polymerization, eo, ka nako e eketseha concentrations, irreversibly theha thermodynamically e tsitsitseng haholoanyane polyglucose.Motsoako oa karabelo o fetang nako e nepahetseng ea karabelo o bitsoa overreaction.Haeba karabelo e felisoa pele ho nako, motsoako o hlahisoang o na le tsoekere e ngata e setseng.
Ho lahleheloa ke lintho tse sebetsang tsa alkyl glucoside motsoako oa karabelo ho na le kamano e ntle le ho thehoa ha polyglucose.Tabeng ea karabelo e feteletseng, motsoako oa karabelo butle-butle o fetoha polyphase hape ka pula ea polyglucose.Ka hona, boleng ba sehlahisoa le tlhahiso ea sehlahisoa li ameha haholo ke nako ea ho felisoa ha karabelo. ka tlaase ho dikahare, ho lumella likarolo tse ling tsa polar (polyglucose) le lik'habohaedreite tse setseng hore li sefshoe ka ntle ho motsoako o sebetsang o sa kang oa itšoara ka ho feletseng.
Ts'ebetsong e ntlafalitsoeng, mohopolo oa sehlahisoa sa etherification o batla o le tlase (ho latela mocheso oa karabelo, nako, mofuta oa catalyst le mahloriso, joalo-joalo).
Setšoantšo sa 4 se bontša mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa karabelo e tobileng ea dextrose le joala bo mafura (C12 / 14-OH).

Mocheso le khatello ea litekanyetso tsa ho itšoara li amana haufi-ufi le li-fischer glycation reaction.E le ho hlahisa alkyl polyglycosides ka lihlahisoa tse tlaase tsa bobeli, khatello le mocheso li tlameha ho ikamahanya le tse ling le ho laoloa ka thata.
Alkyl polyglycosides e tlase lihlahisoa tsa bobeli tse bakoang ke mocheso o tlase oa karabelo (＜100℃) ho acetalization.Leha ho le joalo, lithempereichara tse tlase li baka nako e telele ea ho arabela (ho itšetlehile ka bolelele ba ketane ea tai) le ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o tlaase oa reactor.Lithempereichara tse phahameng haholo (~100 ℃, hangata 110-120 ℃) ​​li ka lebisa phetohong ea 'mala oa lik'habohaedreite.Ka ho tlosa lihlahisoa tse tlase tse belang (metsi ka har'a motsoako o otlolohileng, li-alcohol tse khutšoane ts'ebetsong ea transacetalization) ho tsoa motsoakong oa karabelo, tekano ea acetalization e fetisetsoa lehlakoreng la sehlahisoa.Haeba metsi a batlang a le mangata a hlahisoa ka nako e le 'ngoe, mohlala ka mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso, ho lokela ho etsoa tokisetso bakeng sa ho ntša metsi ana ka katleho motsoakong oa motsoako.Sena se fokotsa liketso tsa bobeli (haholo-holo sebopeho sa polydextrose) se etsahalang ka pel'a metsi.Ho sebetsa hantle ha mouoane ha mohato oa karabelo ha ho itšetlehe feela ka khatello, empa hape le sebaka sa mouoane, joalo-joalo.Likhatello tse tloaelehileng tsa karabelo ho transacetalization le liphapang tse tobileng tsa synthesis li pakeng tsa 20 le 100mbar.
Ntho e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea ho ntlafatsa ke nts'etsopele ea li-catalysts tse khethollang ts'ebetsong ea glycosidation, kahoo e thibela, ka mohlala, ho thehoa ha polyglucose le etherification.Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe, acetal kapa reverse acetal ho Fischer synthesis e hlahisoa ke li-acids. e loketse morero ona, joalo ka sulfuric acid, p-toluene le alkyl benzenesulfonic acid le sulfonic succinic acid. Tekanyo ea karabelo e ipapisitse le acidity le bongata ba acid e joala. mohlala, polyglucose formation) e etsahala haholo-holo karolong ea polar (metsi a morao) ea motsoako oa motsoako, 'me liketane tsa alkyl tse ka fokotsoang ka tšebeliso ea hydrophobic acids (mohlala, alkyl benzenesulfonic acid) li qhibiliha haholo-holo karolong e nyenyane ea polar ea karabelo motsoako.
Ka mor'a karabelo, motsoako oa asiti o fokotsehile ka setsi se loketseng, joalo ka sodium hydroxide le magnesium oxide.Motsoako oa karabelo ea neutralized ke tharollo e mosehla e mosehla e nang le 50 ho ea ho karolo ea 80 lekholong ea lino tse tahang.Mafura a mangata a tahi a bakoa ke karolelano ea molar ea lik'habohaedreite ho lino tse tahang tse mafura.Karo-karolelano ena e lokisoa ho fumana DP e khethehileng bakeng sa indasteri ea alkyl polyglycosides, 'me hangata e pakeng tsa 1:2 le 1:6.
Joala bo feteletseng bo mafura bo tlosoa ka vacuum distillation.Maemo a bohlokoa a moeli a kenyelletsa:
– Mesaletsa ea mafura a joala a sehlahiswa lokela ho ba<1% hobane tse ling
bohlale solubility le monko ba ameha hampe.
- Ho fokotsa ho thehoa ha lihlahisoa tse sa batleheng tsa pyrolysis kapa likarolo tse senyang mebala, khatello ea mocheso le nako ea bolulo ea sehlahisoa se lebisitsoeng se tlameha ho bolokoa ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ho itšetlehile ka bolelele ba ketane ea tai.
- Ha ho monoglycoside e lokelang ho kena ka har'a distillate hobane distillate e khutlisetsoa morao joalo ka joala bo hloekileng bo mafura.
Tabeng ea dodecanol/tetradecanol, litlhoko tsena li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tlosa lino tse tahang tse mafura, tse khotsofatsang haholo ka ho tšeloa ka mekhahlelo e mengata.Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ha litaba tsa joala tse mafura li fokotseha, viscosity e eketseha haholo.Ho hlakile hore sena se sitisa mocheso le phetisetso ea bongata karolong ea ho qetela ea distillation.
Ka hona, ho khethoa li-evaporator tse tšesaane kapa tse khutšoane.Likarolong tsena tsa mouoane, filimi e tsamaeang ka mochini e fana ka matla a holimo ho feta mouoane le nako e khuts'oane ea ho lula ha sehlahisoa, hammoho le vacuum e ntle.Sehlahisoa sa ho qetela ka mor'a ho hloekisoa ke alkyl polyglycoside e batlang e hloekile, e bokellanang e le ntho e tiileng ka ntlha ea ho qhibiliha ea 70℃ ho ea ho 150℃.Mehato ea mantlha ea ts'ebetso ea alkyl synthesis e akaretsoa joalo ka Setšoantšo sa 5.

Ho itšetlehile ka mokhoa oa tlhahiso o sebelisoang, potoloho e le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tsa joala li bokellana ka tlhahiso ea alkyl polyglycoside;lino tse tahang tse mafura haholo, athe lino tse tahang tse khutsufalitsoeng li ka khutlisoa ka ho felletseng.Joala bona bo ka boela ba sebelisoa mekhoeng e latelang.Tlhokahalo ea ho itlhoekisa kapa makhetlo ao mehato ea tlhoekiso e lokelang ho etsoa ka eona e itšetlehile ka litšila tse bokeletsoeng joala.Sena se itšetlehile haholo ka boleng ba mehato e fetileng (mohlala, karabelo, ho tlosa joala).
Ka mor'a ho tlosoa ha joala bo mafura, ntho e sebetsang ea alkyl polyglycoside e qhibiliha ka ho toba ka metsing e le hore ho thehoe paste ea alkyl polyglycoside e hlakileng haholo ea 50 ho isa ho 70%.Mehatong e latelang ea ho hloekisa, pente ena e sebelisoa ho ba sehlahisoa sa boleng bo khotsofatsang ho latela litlhoko tse amanang le ts'ebetso.Mehato ena ea ho hloekisoa e ka kenyelletsa ho soeufala ha sehlahisoa, tokiso ea litšobotsi tsa sehlahisoa, joalo ka boleng ba Ph le litaba tse sebetsang, le botsitso ba microbial.Lingoliloeng tsa patent, ho na le mehlala e mengata ea reductive and oxidative bleaching le mehato e 'meli ea oxidative bleaching le reductive stabilization.Boiteko le ka hona litšenyehelo tse amehang mehatong ena ea ts'ebetso ea ho fumana likarolo tse itseng tsa boleng, tse kang 'mala, ho itšetlehile ka litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso, lisebelisoa tsa ho qala, DP e hlokahalang le boleng ba mehato ea ts'ebetso.
Setšoantšo sa 6 se bonts'a ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea indasteri bakeng sa ketane e telele ea alkyl polyglycosides (C12 / 14 APG) ka mokhoa o tobileng)