Thepa ea Alkyl Polyglucosides

E tšoana le polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers,alkyl polyglycosideshangata ke li-surfactants tsa tekheniki. Li hlahisoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea Fischer synthesis mme li kenyelletsa kabo ea mefuta e nang le likhato tse fapaneng tsa glycosidation tse bonts'itsoeng ke boleng ba n-boleng. Sena se hlalosoa e le karo-karolelano ea kakaretso ea tsoekere ea molar ho palo ea molar ea joala bo mafura ka har'a alkyl polyglucoside, ho nahanoa ka karolelano ea boima ba molek'hule ha ho sebelisoa motsoako oa joala bo mafura. Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe boholo ba li-alkyl polyglucosides tsa bohlokoa ho kopo li na le boleng ba n-boleng ba 1.1-1.7. Kahoo, li na le alkyl monoglucosides le alkyl diglucosides e le likarolo tsa mantlha, hammoho le palo e nyane ea alkyl triglucosides, alkyl tetraglucosides, joalo-joalo ho fihla ho alkyl octaglucosides ntle le li-oligomers, lipalo tse nyane (hangata 1-2%) ea lino tse tahang tse sebelisoang synthesis polyglucose, le letsoai, haholo-holo ka lebaka la catalysis (1.5-2.5%), li lula li le teng. Lipalo li baloa mabapi le taba e sebetsang. Le hoja polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers kapa tse ling tse ngata tsa ethoxylate li ka hlalosoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ka ho ajoa ha boima ba limolek'hule, tlhaloso e tšoanang ha e lekane ho hang bakeng sa alkyl polyglucosides hobane isomerism e fapaneng e fella ka mefuta e mengata e rarahaneng ea lihlahisoa. Ho se tšoane ha lihlopha tse peli tsa surfactant ho fella ka thepa e fapaneng e tsoang ho tšebelisano e matla ea lihlopha tsa lihlooho le metsi le karolo e 'ngoe le tse ling.

Sehlopha sa ethoxylate sa polyoxyethylene alkyl ether se sebelisana ka matla le metsi, se etsa maqhama a hydrogen pakeng tsa oksijene ea ethylene le limolek'hule tsa metsi, kahoo ho haha ​​​​likhetla tsa micellar hydration moo sebopeho sa metsi se leng seholoanyane (entropy e tlaase le enthalpy) ho feta metsing a mangata. Sebopeho sa hydration se matla haholo. Hangata pakeng tsa limolek'hule tse peli le tse tharo tsa metsi li amahanngoa le sehlopha ka seng sa EO.

Ha ho nahanoa ka lihlopha tsa lihlooho tsa glucosyl tse nang le mesebetsi e meraro ea OH bakeng sa monoglucoside kapa tse supileng bakeng sa diglucoside, boitšoaro ba alkyl glucoside bo lebeletsoe hore bo fapane haholo le ba polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers. Ntle le tšebelisano e matla le metsi, ho boetse ho na le matla pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa lihlooho tsa surfactant ho micelles hammoho le mekhahlelo e meng. Athe polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers e ka bapisoang le eona feela e le maro kapa lintho tse tiileng tse qhibilihang ka tlase, alkyl polyglucosides ke lintho tse tiileng tse qhibilihang ka lebaka la maqhama a hydrogen pakeng tsa lihlopha tse haufi tsa glucosyl. Li bonts'a thepa e ikhethang ea thermotropic liquid crystalline, joalo ka ha ho tla tšohloa ka tlase. Li-intermolecular hydrogen bonds pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa lihlooho li boetse li ikarabella bakeng sa ho qhibiliha ha tsona ho tlaase metsing.

Ha e le glucose ka boeona, tšebelisano ea sehlopha sa glucosyl le limolek'hule tsa metsi tse potolohileng e bakoa ke ho ata ha hydrogen. Bakeng sa tsoekere, bongata ba limolek'hule tsa metsi tse hlophisitsoeng ka tetrahedally bo phahame ho feta metsing feela. Ka hona, tsoekere, 'me mohlomong le li-alkyl glucosides, li ka hlalosoa e le "moetsi oa sebopeho," boitšoaro bo ts'oanang le ba li-ethoxylates.

Ha ho bapisoa le boitšoaro ba ethoxylate micelle, mokhoa o sebetsang oa interfacial dielectric constant alkyl glucoside o phahame haholo mme o tšoana le oa metsi ho feta oa ethoxylate. Ka hona, sebaka se potolohileng lihlopha tsa lihlooho tsa alkyl glucoside micelle se tšoana le metsi.