MEKHOA EA HO HLAHISA ALKYL GLUCOSIDE

Fischer glycosidation ke eona feela mokhoa oa ho kopanya lik'hemik'hale o nolofalitseng nts'etsopele ea litharollo tsa kajeno tsa moruo le tekheniki bakeng sa tlhahiso e kholo ea li-alkyl polyglucosides. Limela tsa tlhahiso tse nang le bokhoni ba ho feta 20,000 t/year li se li lemohuoe le ho holisa mefuta ea lihlahisoa tsa indasteri ea li-surfactants ka lisebelisoa tse sebetsang ka holim'a metsi tse ipapisitseng le lisebelisoa tse ka nchafatsoang. D-Glucose le linear C8-C16 fatty alcohols li ipakile e le tsona li-feedstocks tse ratoang haholo. Li-educts tsena li ka fetoloa hore e be li-alkyl polyglucosides tse sebetsang ka holim'a metsi ka ho toba Fischer glycosidation kapa transglycosidation ea mehato e 'meli ka butyl polyglucoside ka pel'a li-catalyst tsa acid, ka metsi e le sehlahisoa. Metsi a tlameha ho hloekisoa ho tsoa motsoakong oa karabelo e le hore a fetole tekano ea karabelo ho lihlahisoa tse lakatsehang. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea glycosidation, inhomogeneities ka motsoako oa karabelo e lokela ho qojoa, kaha e lebisa ho theho e feteletseng ea seo ho thoeng ke li-polyglucosides, tse sa rateheng haholo. Ka hona, maano a mangata a tekheniki a tsepamisitse maikutlo ho homogenizing li-educts n-glucose le li-alcohol, tse sa hlakang hantle ka lebaka la phapang ea polarity. Nakong ea karabelo, maqhama a glycosidic a thehoa lipakeng tsa joala bo mafura le n-glucose le lipakeng tsa li-n-glucose ka botsona. Ka lebaka leo, Alkyl polyglucosides e bopa e le metsoako ea likaroloana tse nang le linomoro tse fapaneng tsa li-glucose ho masala a ketane e telele ea alkyl. E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea likaroloana tsena, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e entsoe ka likaroloana tse 'maloa tsa isomeric, kaha likarolo tsa n-glucose li nka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea anomeric le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea ring e leka-lekaneng ea lik'hemik'hale nakong ea Fischer glycosidation le likamano tsa glycosidic pakeng tsa likarolo tsa D-glucose li etsahala libakeng tse ngata tse ka khonehang. . Karo-karolelano ea anomer ea li-unit tsa D-glucose e batla e le α/β＝ 2: 1 'me e bonahala e le thata ho e susumetsa tlas'a maemo a hlalositsoeng a Fischer synthesis. Tlas'a maemo a laoloang ke thermodynamically, likarolo tsa n-glucose tse ka har'a motsoako oa sehlahisoa li fumaneha haholo ka sebopeho sa pyranosides. Palo e bolelang ea li-unit tsa n-glucose ka masala a alkyl, seo ho thoeng ke tekanyo ea polymerization, ha e le hantle ke ts'ebetso ea tekanyo ea molar ea li-educts nakong ea tlhahiso. Ka lebaka la maqhama a bona a holimo a holimo, khetho e khethehileng e fuoa li-alkyl polyglucosides tse nang le li-degree tsa polymerization lipakeng tsa 1 le 3, tseo hoo e ka bang 3-10 mol fatty alcohol e tlamehang ho sebelisoa ka mole e le 'ngoe ea n-glucose nakong eo.

Tekanyo ea polymerization ea fokotseha ha joala bo feteletseng bo ntse bo eketseha. Li-altahi tse feteletseng tse mafura li arohanngoa 'me li khutlisetsoa morao ka mokhoa oa ho hloekisa ka mehato e mengata ka li-evaporator tsa filimi tse oelang, e le hore khatello ea mocheso e ka fokotsoa. Thempereichara ea mouoane e lokela ho ba holimo ka ho lekaneng 'me nako ea ho kopana sebakeng se chesang e be nako e lekaneng feela ho netefatsa hore joala bo mafura bo lekaneng le ho phalla ha alkyl polyglucoside e qhibiliha ntle le karabelo ea bohlokoa ea ho bola. Letoto la mehato ea mouoane le ka sebelisoa ka tsela e molemo ho arola karoloana ea pele e belang e tlaase, joale palo e kholo ea joala bo mafura, 'me qetellong e setseng joala bo mafura, ho fihlela alkyl polyglycoside e qhibiliha e le masala a qhibilihang ke metsi.

Esita le tlas'a maemo a bonolo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa motsoako le mouoane oa lino tse tahang tse nang le mafura, ho tla ba le 'mala o sa rateheng o sootho,' me mekhoa ea bleaching e hlokahalang ho ntlafatsa sehlahisoa. Mokhoa o mong oa ho soeufatsa o ipakileng o loketse ke ho eketsa sekhechana sa oxidizing, joalo ka hydrogen peroxide, ho motsoako oa alkyl polyglycoside sebakeng sa alkaline ka boteng ba ion ea magnesium.

Lithuto tse ngata le mefuta e fapaneng e sebelisitsoeng ts'ebetsong, ts'ebetso ea morao-rao le ho hloekisoa e tiisa hore le kajeno, ha ho na tharollo ea "turnkey" e sebelisoang haholo ho fumana boemo bo itseng ba sehlahisoa. Ho fapana le hoo, mehato eohle ea ts'ebetso e hloka ho hlophisoa. Dongfu e fana ka litlhahiso bakeng sa moralo oa tharollo le tharollo ea tekheniki, mme e hlalosa maemo a lik'hemik'hale le a 'mele bakeng sa karabelo, karohano le ts'ebetso ea tlhoekiso.

Mekhoa eohle e meraro ea mantlha - transglycosidation ea homogeneous, slurry process, le mokhoa oa phepelo ea tsoekere-e ka sebelisoa tlasa maemo a indasteri. Nakong ea transglycosidation, bongata ba butyl polyglucoside e bohareng, e sebetsang e le solubilizer bakeng sa li-educts D-glucose le butanol, e tlameha ho bolokoa ho feta 15% motsoakong oa karabelo e le ho qoba inhomogeneities. Bakeng sa morero o tšoanang, motsoako oa metsi motsoakong oa karabelo o sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa motsoako o tobileng oa Fischer oa alkyl polyglucosides o tlameha ho bolokoa ka tlase ho 1%. Ka har'a metsi a phahameng ho na le kotsi ea ho fetola tsoekere e emisitsoeng ea D-glucose hore e be boima bo thata, e leng se tla fella ka ts'ebetso e mpe le polymerization e feteletseng. Ho susumetsa ka katleho le homogenization ho khothalletsa kabo e ntle le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea crystalline D-glucose motsoakong oa karabelo.

Lintlha tse peli tsa tekheniki le tsa moruo li tlameha ho nahanoa ha ho khethoa mokhoa oa ho kopanya le mefuta ea eona e rarahaneng. Mekhoa ea homogeneous transglycosidation e thehiloeng ho li-syrups tsa D-glucose e bonahala e le molemo haholo bakeng sa tlhahiso e tsoelang pele ka tekanyo e kholo. Ba lumella ho boloka ka ho sa feleng holim'a crystallization ea D-glucose e tala ka ketane ea boleng bo eketsehileng, e leng ho feta ho lefella lichelete tse phahameng tsa nako e le 'ngoe mohato oa transglycosidation le ho hlaphoheloa ha butanol. Tšebeliso ea n-butanol ha e fane ka mathata a mang, kaha e ka sebelisoa hape hoo e ka bang ka botlalo e le hore mesaletsa ea lihlahisoa tse fumanoeng e be likarolo tse 'maloa feela ho milione, tse ka nkoang e se tsa bohlokoa. Direct Fischer glycosidation ho latela mokhoa oa slurry kapa mokhoa oa phepelo ea tsoekere e fana ka mohato oa transglycosidation le ho hlaphoheloa ha butanol. E ka boela ea etsoa khafetsa 'me e hloka hore ho be le litšenyehelo tse tlase hanyane.

Nakong e tlang, phepelo le theko ea lihlahisoa tsa khale le tse ka nchafatsoang, hammoho le tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji tlhahisong ea alkyl polysaccharides, e tla ba le phello e matla ho matla a mmaraka le bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso. Base polysaccharide e se e ntse e na le litharollo tsa eona tsa tekheniki tse ka fanang ka melemo ea bohlokoa ea tlholisano 'marakeng oa kalafo bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse nts'etsang pele kapa tse amohetseng lits'ebetso tse joalo. Sena ke 'nete haholo ha litheko li le holimo ebile li le tlase. Theko ea tlhahiso ea moemeli oa tlhahiso e nyolohetse boemong bo tloaelehileng, le haeba theko ea thepa ea lehae e theoha hanyenyane, e ka lokisa lintho tse nkelang li-surfactants 'me e ka khothaletsa ho kenngoa ha limela tse ncha tsa tlhahiso ea alkyl polysaccharide.